How to Run SQL Server Query from PowerShell Script

For a migration project, there was a requirement to read from SQL Server table data , process the migration and then insert / update the tables back from PowerShell. We got to run SQL Server query from PowerShell. Here is how to query SQL Server using PowerShell:

Using PowerShell to query SQL Server

Function QuerySQLServer([string]$DBServer, [string]$DBName, [string]$Query)
{<#
  .SYNOPSIS
   Queries SQL Server from PowerShell
  .DESCRIPTION
  This PowerShell function Queries SQL Server from PowerShell
 .EXAMPLE
  QuerySQLServer "G1VWFE01" "MigrationDB" "SELECT [SourceSiteUrl], [TargetSiteUrl], [SiteType] FROM [MigrationData]"
      This example Gets table entries from the database "MigrationDB" in server "G1VWFE01"
 .INPUTS
  DBServer - Name of the Database Sever where the  target database is located
  DBName - Name of the Database from which the query to be executed
         Query - Query to Execute
 .OUTPUTS
  Rows from the prodefined table "MigrationData"
 #>

 try
        {
  $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
  
  #Connection object
  $cn = new-object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection("Data Source=$DBServer;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=$DBName")
  $cn.open() 

  #SQL Query to retrieve Table rows
  $cmd = new-object "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand" ($Query , $cn)
  $reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
                #Process the Data
   while ($reader.Read()) 
    {
        #Iterate through Rows
      for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Reader.FieldCount; $i++) 
      {
          #Retrieve the Field (Column) values
          $Reader.GetValue($i)
      }
    }
   }
 catch
        { 
     #Write error message on screen and to a LOG file
            write-host $_.Exception.Message
     $_.Exception.Message >> "d:\error.log"
        }
        finally
        {
            $ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"
        }
 }

#Call the function

QuerySQLServer "GIS-WFE01" "MigrationData"
     "SELECT [SourceSiteUrl], [TargetSiteUrl], [SiteType] FROM [MigrationSiteMapping]"

Its also possible to process the Queried data like:

  Function ProcessSQLServerData([string]$DBServer, [string]$DBName, [string]$Query)
     {
 try
        {
  $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
  #Connection object
  $cn = new-object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection("Data Source=$DBServer;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=$DBName")
  $cn.open() 

  #SQL Query to retrieve Table rows
  $cmd = new-object "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand" ($Query , $cn)
  $reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
                #Process the Data
   while ($reader.Read()) 
    {
      for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Reader.FieldCount; $i++) 
      {
          #Retrieve the parameters from SQL Server "MigrationMapping" table
          $SourceSiteUrl = $Reader.GetValue(0)
       $TargetSiteUrl =$Reader.GetValue(1)
       $SiteType = $Reader.GetValue(2)

       #Check the SiteType
       if($SiteType  -eq "client")
       {
           Write-Host "Processing Client Site URL: $($SourceSiteUrl)"
                                                            #call a PowerShell function from an External script to process the given parameters
           MigrateClientSite $SourceSiteUrl $TargetSiteUrl
       }
       else #it a Case site
       {
           Write-Host "Processing Case Site URL: $($SourceSiteUrl)"
           #call a PowerShell function from an External script to process the given parameters
           MigrateCaseSite $SourceSiteUrl $TargetSiteUrl
       }
      }
    }
   }
 catch
        { 
     #Write error message on screen and to a LOG file
            write-host $_.Exception.Message
     $_.Exception.Message >> "d:\error.log"
        }
        finally
        {
            $ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"
        }
 }

The above PowerShell SQL Server query example retrieves and process the SQL server table rows.

Powershell script Execute  SQL Server Query performs Insert/Update:
Similarly, for Insert and update, the PowerShell script goes like:

Function RunSQLQuery([string]$DBServer, [string]$DBName, [string]$Query )
{<#
  .SYNOPSIS
   Executes SQL Query, such as Insert, Update, Delete, etc 
  .DESCRIPTION
   This PowerShell function executes the provided SQL query on the provided Database.
  .EXAMPLE
   powershell sql server query update: " RunSQLQuery "G1VWFE01" "MigrationData" "UPDATE [Table-name] SET [SiteStatus]='CREATED' WHERE [SiteID] = '$SiteID' AND [Category] = '$Category' "
                 powershell sql server query insert: use the SQL query as: "INSERT INTO [TableName] ( [SourceSiteUrl], [TargetSiteUrl],  [SiteType] ) VALUES ('http://sharepoint2007.crescent.com','http://sharepoint2010.crescent.com', 'case')"
  .INPUTS
   DBServer - Name of the Database Sever where the "LVMAdmin" database is located
   DBName - NameNo value of the cases table
   Query - Query to execute. Such as Insert, Delete
  .OUTPUTS
   None
 #>
 try
        {
  #Connection object
  $cn = new-object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection("Data Source=$DBServer;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=$DBName")
  $cn.open() 

  $cmd = new-object "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand" ($Query, $cn)
  $cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
 }
 catch
        {
               #Write error message on screen and to a LOG file
               write-host $_.Exception.Message
  $_.Exception.Message >> "d:\error.log"
        }
        finally
        {
            $ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"
        }
}

This will run SQL Server query from PowerShell.